[This is preliminary documentation and subject to change]

# About Web and FTP Sites

This topic contains conceptual information about Web sites and FTP sites (virtual servers). This topic describes the properties of Web and FTP sites, administration privileges, and administration from remote locations. This section includes:

- Web and FTP Sites
- Properties and Inheritance of Properties on Sites
- Web Site Operators
- Administering Sites Remotely
- FTP Restart
- MIME Map

## Web and FTP Sites

There are three ways to create multiple Web and FTP sites on a single computer. This is true for an intranet or the Internet. However, you must be running Windows Whistler:

- Append port numbers to the IP address.
- Assign multiple IP addresses to one or multiple network adapter cards.
- Assign multiple domain names and IP addresses to one network adapter card by using host header names.

For more information about hosting multiple sites, see Assigning Host Header Names, Addresses, and Ports to Web Sites in About Name Resolution.

The following example illustrates an intranet scenario where the system administrator has installed Whistler server with IIS on the company's server, resulting in one default Web site, http://CompanyServer. The system administrator then creates two additional Web sites for two separate departments: Marketing and Human Resources.

Though hosted on the same computer, CompanyServer, Marketing, and HumanResources each appear to be a unique Web site. These departmental sites have the same security options they would have if these sites existed on separate computers because each site has its own access and administration permission settings. In addition, the administrative tasks can be distributed to members of each department.

When creating a very large number of sites, be sure to consider hardware limitations and upgrade your hardware as necessary. For more information, refer to the IIS Resource Guide volume of the Windows Whistler Resource Kit.

## Properties and Inheritance of Properties on Sites

Properties are values that can be set on your Web site. For example, you can use the IIS snap-in to change the TCP port assigned to the default Web site from the default value of 80 to another port number. Properties for a site are displayed in property sheets and stored in a database called the metabase.

During IIS installation, default values are assigned to the various properties that are found on the property sheets. You can use the default settings in IIS or you can customize these settings to suit your Web publishing needs. You may be able to provide additional value, better performance, and improved security by making adjustments to the default settings.

Properties can be set on the site level, on the directory level, or on the file level. Settings on higher levels (such as the site level) are automatically used, or inherited, by the lower levels (such as the directory level) but can still be edited individually at the lower level as well. Once a property has been changed on an individual site, directory, or file, later changes to the master defaults do not automatically override the individual setting. Instead, you receive a warning message that asks whether you want to change the individual site, directory, or file setting to match the new defaults.

Some properties have a value that takes the form of a list. For instance, the value of the default document can be a list of documents that are loaded when users do not specify a file in a URL. Custom error messages, TCP/IP access control, script mappings, and MIME mappings are other examples of properties stored in a list format. Although these lists have multiple entries, IIS treats the entire list as a single property. If you edit a list on a directory and then make a global change on the site level, the list at the directory level is completely replaced with the new list from the site level; the lists are not merged. Also, properties with list values display their lists only at the master level, or on a site or directory that has been changed from the default value. List values are not displayed if they are the inherited defaults.

Installing ISAPI Filters are displayed in a list format but are not treated as a list. If you add filters at the site level, the new filters are merged with the list of filters from the master level. If two filters have the same priority setting, the filter from the master level is loaded before the filter from the site level.

If the default property values need to be modified and you are creating several Web or FTP sites, you can edit the default values so that each site you create inherits your custom values. For more information on changing the default values for all Web sites or all FTP sites, see Changing the Inherited Defaults.

The following graphic depicts the property sheets used to set all Web site properties.

In the IIS snap-in, you can click the Help button on a property sheet to learn more about individual property settings.

## Web Site Operators

Web site Operators are a special group of users who have limited administrative privileges on individual Web sites. Operators can administer properties that affect only their respective sites. They do not have access to properties that affect IIS, the Windows server computer hosting IIS, or the network.

For example, an ISP who hosts sites for a number of different companies can assign delegates as the Operators for each company's Web site. This method of distributed server administration has the following advantages:

- Each Operator can act as the site administrator and can change or reconfigure the Web site as necessary. For example, the Operator can set Web site access permissions, enable logging, change the default document or footer, set content expiration, and enable content ratings features.
- The Web site Operator is not permitted to change the identification of Web sites, configure the anonymous user name or password, throttle bandwidth, create virtual directories or change their paths, or change application isolation.
- Because Operators have more limited privileges than Web site administrators, they are unable to remotely browse the file system and, therefore, cannot set properties on directories and files, unless a UNC path is used.

For instructions on how to designate Windows user accounts as Web site Operators, see Assigning Web Site Operators.

## Administering Sites Remotely

Because it may not always be convenient to perform administration tasks on the computer running IIS, three remote administration options are available. If you are connecting to your server over the Internet or through a proxy server, you can use a Web-based server management appliance to change properties on your site. The Microsoft Server Appliance Kit is available from the MSDN, but otherr distributors, such as OEMs, also offer server management appliances. If you are on an intranet, you can use either an appliance or the IIS snap-in that is hosted in the Microsoft Management Console (MMC).

Also, you can use Microsoft Terminal Services over a network connection (such as LAN, PPTP, or dial-up) to remotely administer IIS. Terminal Services does not require you to install the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) or the IIS snap-in on the remote computer. For more information, see the Terminal Services documentation. By default, the Terminal Services documentation is installed at C:\Winnt\Help\TermSrv.chm and C:\Winnt\Help\TermCli.chm.

Note In previous releases the IIS snap-in was called the Internet Service Manager.

The online documentation is also available when performing remote administration tasks. To reach the documentation, start a browser and type http://servername/iishelp/iis/misc/default.asp, where servername is the name of the computer running IIS.

## FTP Restart

FTP restart addresses the problem of losing a network connection while downloading files. Clients that support FTP restart need only re-establish their FTP connection using the REST command and the file transfer will automatically pick up where it left off.

Note The IIS 5.1 implementation of FTP restart is not enabled when using FTP to download wildcard requests (MGET), uploading files to a server (PUT), or downloading files larger than 4 gigabytes.

## MIME Map

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) is an Internet standard that provides a way for Web browsers to view files that are in multiple formats. The registered file types that are installed by default on Windows Whistler are listed in the File Types dialog box of the Internet Information Services Property Sheet.

MIME mappings can be configured at the computer, Web site, virtual directory, directory, or file level. To configure MIME mappings at the computer level, use the Internet Information Services Property Sheet. To configure MIME mappings at the other levels, use the HTTP Headers Property Sheet property sheet.

Note MIME mappings configured at the computer level do not automatically override those set at the lower levels.

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